Memorial Library -- FAQ and Policies

APA uses an “author/year” style which places the author(s) and year in prominent positions in the text. The author and year also act as tags for finding the related entry on the References page.  There are two ways to place the author/year information into your paper:

Moeck and Yoon (2004) have shown how green buildings can substantially reduce the amount of lighting needed in office spaces. When properly built, “between 89 and 84% can be supplied by daylight” (p. 158).

Green buildings can substantially reduce the amount of lighting needed in office spaces (Moeck & Yoon, 2004).

Include the page number for direct quotations or specific information. Notice the word “and” in the first sample, but the use of an ampersand (&) for the parenthetical citation in the second sample.

Journal article with a DOI number:

Moeck, M., & Yoon, Y. (2004). Green buildings and potential electric light energy savings. Journal of Architectural Engineering, 10(4),

143-159. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0431(2004)10:4(143)

Journal article with no DOI number and from a library database:

Jallick, M., & Museli, Y. (2004). Gastroenterology phenotype progression: Predictive factors in disease. Journal of Medical Specialty,

10(4),143-159. Retrieved from www.jmedspecialty.com.

There are two basic ways to cite information in the text of your paper:

Kopecky and Koreshkova conclude that reducing social security coverage of medical expenses is not a fair method of helping most people stay out of debt in old age (69).

OR

Reducing social security coverage of medical expense is not considered by economists as a fair method of helping people stay out of debt (Kopecky and Koreshkova 69).

Kopecky, Karen A., and Tatyana Koreshkova. "The Impact of Medical and Nursing Home Expenses on Savings." American

        Economic Journal,  vol. 6, no. 3, 2014, pp. 29-72. CINAHL, search.proquest.com/docview/222366370?accountid=34192CINAHL.

Mason, J. W., and Arjun Jayadev. "Fisher Dynamics in U. S. Household Debt, 1929-2011." Journal of Economics

        vol. 10, no. 3, 2011, pp. 214-216. doi: 10.2033/pdd.2233.